*probable abnormalities and fault occurring in  power transformer  and their effect*


1. Overheating of core 

2. Disruptive contact on tape changer

3. Failure of cooling system

 4. Phase to phase fault

 5. Earth fault Inter turn fault

 7.  Overload 8. Over voltage.

The causes of this abnormal condition and its effects are as under:

 1. Overheating of the core: Excessive core due to excessive loading, failure of cooling system or shortening of the core (e.g., lamination shortening) etc.  Is heated.  This reduces the life of the insulation.  As a result the life of the transformer is reduced. 

 2. Disorganized contacts of the tape changer: If the contacts on the tape changer are not in order, the arching will damage the insulation.  

3 Cooling system failure Cooling is affected due to stopping of cooling fan function or circulating pump malfunction in the cooling system.  This increases the temperature of the winding and the core and affects the insulation.  There is a possibility of fire or explosion. 

4 Phase to phase fault:

 5. Earth fault:

 6.  Inter-turn faults: These three types of faults can occur due to a defect in the insulation.  Faults cause excessive cuts and excessive damage.  Inter turn faults are less likely.  Shortening a few tons of the same winding increases the current and increases the heating.  Unbalanced loading also occurs.

  7.  Overload: Increasing the load on the transformer increases the heating rate and damages the winding and insulation.

  8. Over voltage: The over voltage caused by the surge causes puncture in the insulation.  So another?  May arise.