what is estimation
Before undertaking or undertaking any electrical work or project, wiring of a building or factory, service collection, its repair or any such work, consider the whole factors affecting the work. An estimate is made of the skilled manpower and the cost of their labor, the time required to complete it, and some of the contingent reasons, etc. This whole process is called estimation. In a nutshell, it can be said that “estimation is a pre-assessment of the material, manpower, cost and time required for any work.
abilities of estimator
1) creativeness- The work to be undertaken should have a thorough knowledge and ability to work, so that it can suggest to the artisans, sometimes explained by the experimental work. He should have an uncanny kind of creativity.
2) imagination- Imagination: An important feature of a good estimator is the high level of spasm, with which he can make some estimates only by observing the workplace and does not really need to take measurements.
3) initiativeness-A good estimator needs to have quick fixes and ingenuity to start work as well as provide proper guidance. These qualities enable the artisans to come up with insights and be able to complete the work or project on time. He should have the power to work independently.
4) presence of mind - With timely work planning skills, punctuality and rationality the estimator can complete the task in a timely manner. E.g. , Time can be used to assign another task to the artisans if the work is stopped for an item.
5) technical knowledge of the project - A good estimator should have complete knowledge of the project to be worked on, knowledge of related materials, its availability in the specification market as well as knowledge of skilled craftsmen suitable for the work and ability to compile it properly.
6) knowledge of the surrounding site - The estimator should obtain information about the site, its surroundings, distance from the site, transportation facilities, goods and labor facilities by visiting the workplace so that proper work can be planned and appropriate precision can be drawn.
findings of the need of estimates
1) Quantity of work is decided
2) cost of material is estimated
3) overhead charge
4) cost of labor
5) needed of instrument and machinery
6) profit - loss
importance of estimation
It is necessary to estimate the cost of any work, plan or project required material cost, labor cost and its associated administrative cost before starting the work as the required material, skilled manpower, equipment, tools can be found in the right quantity at the right time and once the work is done. Any of the above factors after starting
As a result, the work will not be disrupted. The work is completed on time and the work can be done properly. Is. The above family is flawed, the estimates or forecasts are flawed or not taken into account and if there is mining then the business loses or does not make the required profit. Conversely, if the value of the estimate is too high, the market cannot be tamed and our project or work will not be approved. Estimates that can compete with all competitors (1) Estimates provide information on the cost of any work or project. Therefore, the quantity of work is obtained from the Greek financial if the estimate. The deadline for the work on the river, the estimate clarifies the following points: May. Is useful. Estimation makes it easier to coordinate work as the need for materials, additional tools, machinery, etc., as well as the type of labor and how it is determined. As the need for specific skills is determined, the monopolists can get the profit-loss information with a systematic estimate of the required skilled craftsmen. Therefore, estimation is considered very important in the field of engineering. In public sector government enterprises, etc., the project or plan is approved only on the basis of its estimated amount. Therefore, whether it is small (related to building wiring) or large (setting up a power station), the importance of estimating is special for the advance planner.
types of estimation
1) approximate estimation
2) scientific or detailed estimation
1) approximate estimation-An approximate estimate is a thumbrule (approximation) forecast made by a person with general knowledge of the task without any detailed calculation of goods, labor, etc. It does not consider all the other factors related to the work but estimates are prepared by making estimates.
2) scientific or detailed estimation - A scientific or detailed estimate is a prediction made by a qualified engineer taking into account the quality of the work, the quality of the workmanship, the timely calculation of the artisans, as well as the direct and indirect affecting the goods, labor and work.
difference between approximate and scientific estimation
(approximate)
An estimate is an estimate of the material, manpower, and cost incurred by a man with a general knowledge of the subject for any task.
Due to the lack of accuracy of the quantity of goods, it is likely that the estimate will be more or less than required and the manpower skills will not be used properly.
The possibility of completing the work on time is an indefinite day. Sometimes the work has to be left incomplete as the difference between the actual cost and the estimated cost is greater.
The quality and timeliness of the work is not maintained. As the work is going on intermittently, the cost goes up, the quality goes down, the work goes smoothly and there is no comfort in it.
(scientific)
Scientific estimation is an accurate estimate of the direct and indirect costs of an entire task by an expert for any task (goods, skilled manpower, and factors affecting the work.
Being skill-based benefits the job, its use and their experience.
The work can be completed on time.
There is really no difference between the cost and the estimated cost.
The work can be completed easily.
The quality and timeliness of the work is maintained.
As the flow is timely, the work seems to be of good quality, thrifty, uniform and pleasing.
factor considered for scientific estimation
1) calculation of required material
2) specification of material
3) condition of work palace side
4) study of drawing and blue print
5) standard method of approach
6) knowledge of price catalog of material
7)market prevailing condition of material
1) calculation of required material - An engineer who has a thorough knowledge of the various materials required for any project or work, its properties, etc., or he selects the material in the right size and quantity based on his knowledge and experience of the project, so there is no wastage or imperfection of the material. For the estimation of electrical wiring, the location of the point from the workplace map determines the type of wiring, determines the quantity or number of goods by a certain method. At present such calculations yield a more accurate number or quantity in a short time based on certain rules by the commuter, IE Rule is also used in the calculation of goods and the goods are selected according to the valid ISS
2) specification of material - The number or quantity of goods is determined by the plan and layout of the project. Its worth buying. | Have to give details. Using standard trade practice and trading rules to prepare this specification. is coming . The Indian Standard Specification (I.S.S.) is based on the following points.
3) condition of work place side - This factor has an important place in the budget. The estimator needs to visit the workplace and study the situation around it before preparing an estimate. Where is the workplace located? How far is it What is the condition of goods and labor? The daily necessities of the laborers such as the, pan, beedi, light snacks, clean air, transport facilities, on which floor to work? Is the workplace open at the construction site? Depending on the different factors like city or village etc., the cost behind remuneration, transport allowance, transportation of goods etc. will increase which will take the total cost of the project higher. Therefore it is necessary to get detailed information of the workplace to prepare the budget.
4) study of drawing of blue print - An engineer can easily calculate the type of wiring, the type of wiring, the wiring layout, based on experience without having to go to the location if the electrical estimate has a study of the work map or design, signs and notations. Must have knowledge of maps and symbols and be able to read and interpret blueprints
5) standard method of approach - Any work done in a certain way does less damage and becomes more pleasing. Each task requires the use of alpha modern tools and machines, the use of the right skilled labor (Skilled laborer), scheduling management, availability of the right number of goods, etc. at the right time. Work square with proper working method | Completed on time and successfully. Thus the use of a method corresponding to that function for estimation can be considered as an important factor.
6) knowledge of price catalogues of material - In today's age of intense competition the same goods have different prices in the market. In such circumstances it is imperative for the estimator to have knowledge of the market situation of the goods. You have to choose the right material by comparing the right efficiency, required quality and yet price, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to have knowledge of the specification of the items so that the mixed items do not come. If this information is not kept by the estimator, the tender will not be approved on the basis of higher price or if the profit margin decreases or if the tender is approved on a lower fixed price, the chances of loss to the business increase. To avoid this, a good estimator should not ignore this factor.
7) market prevailing condition of material - When preparing estimates, it is imperative to see if the materials required for the work can be found at the right time. Wrong labor costs increase if degraded goods are not received in the right quantity at the right place at the workplace and 1 time limit is not saved in work delay. Sometimes there are penalties for not working on time which harms the business so it is essential to keep abreast of the market conditions of the goods.
(estimating tools)
1) knowledge of calculation
2) knowledge of read blueprint
3)Proper study of required quantity of goods,
4) its quality and requirement Goods can be procured from different places and whether it can be received in time.
5) Country laws regarding manufactured goods.
6) Requirement of appropriate type of labor.
7) Deadline for completion of the project.
(material cost)
Determine the quantity or number of goods by studying the plan of the project or work and its ancillary map. Thus, it is easy to calculate the price of goods with the help of mathematical knowledge and project experience and Price Catalog or Schedule of Rates. It has a workplace for these goods. The on-site cost of goods is calculated by accurately calculating the indirect costs incurred for one such as packing, forwarding, faience, insurance checks etc.
Price Catalog: Manufacturers of goods or suppliers of goods publish their price catalog. This rate list is issued for a certain period of time. The cost of goods is obtained by using.
(i) Schedule of Rates: Preparation of price list for the next year by large government or semi-government departmental stores for different goods or work in view of two-three year price increase - along with prices for last two-three years are also given for comparison. Is. Such a price list is called a Scheme Rates (S.O.R.). The S.O.R. Price Catali (i) of different companies to prepareOr S.O.R. by calculating the price list, labor rates as well as supervision, administration costs etc. No is done in a certified form. These price lists may vary for that area or zone. Such S.O.Rs are usually prepared by the Public Welfare Department P.P.D. of the Ministry of Political Labor and Jigar. The use of 60.R, makes it much easier to prepare an estimate, as it involves the cost of goods and indirect costs. At the end of this chapter S.O.R. Extensive chunks about as well as 50.R.
(labor cost)
The cost of labor has to be calculated after getting the cost of goods for project estimate. Esther Y's car engineer's knowledge, experience and accurate calculations are helpful for this. The classification and level of work can be as follows:
(a) Highly Skilled Laborer: This laborer has good experience in technical work. It can act independently as per plan without supervision.
(b) Semi skilled I.abourer: A laborer of this art who is relatively inexperienced needs the guidance of a supervisor during the work. General Skilled Laborer: This level of labor is skilled but due to lack of work experience it needs constant guidance from the supervisor.
(c) Unskilled Laborer: This laborer is inexperienced, unskilled and does as much work as you assign him. So it is used as a helper with the above three levels of craftsmen in the work of lifting, bringing, carrying etc.
When estimating the cost of labor, the number of these four levels has to be decided keeping in view the working conditions, scope of work, cost and time limit. In electric estimation this value is obtained in two ways. This value can be obtained by estimating the number of workers of a certain class who will be able to complete the work in how many days according to the scope and time frame, using their labor rate. If the work involves wiring, the rate of wages per point is calculated according to the required classification. This is a very easy way. Generally the rate per point in wiring work is calculated as follows: Surface PVC coded wiring - Rs. 150 per point concealed PVC coke wiring - Rs. 200 per point baton wiring - Rs. 150 per point Casing - Capping Wiring - Rs. 150 per point (e) Metallic (H.G.) Conducted Wiring - Rs. 200 per point The cost of labor is calculated using either of the above two methods. Supervision costs are added to the general labor costs such as tea and snacks.
(overhead charge)
After getting the cost of labor of the project, administrative expenses will be added to it Usually 5 to 15% of the workload is added to the administrative cost as per the age of the goods. The more frugal the cost can be brought down, the higher the profit margin in the business. So the cost is very precise. Expenses are calculated as a percentage of work area as follows: Office Rent Office Staff Expenses Administrative Expenses: Expenses incurred for writing, printing, postage, telephone, light bill, customer convenience, transportation costs; Expenses incurred in manipulation of labor, maintenance of machinery equipment, repairs Expenditure Office staff facilities: Bonus, compensation, Medical Alliance, Salary increment, Provident fund, Pentaneous expenses Interest on fixed investment money, Advance, Damage Legal Services: Audit, Guarantee, Verification, Compensation etc. Cost of administrative machinery, calculator, commuter, typewriter etc.
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