wiring in building & complex

 wiring in building & complex

~ We have so far understood the ways of estimating the wiring work in electrical installation in small residential houses.  We will now briefly consider the things to consider when installing electricity in high-rise buildings, public buildings, etc.   There are many things to keep in mind while installing electricity in high-rise buildings, residential, offices, commercial establishments, schools, colleges, hospitals, hostels etc.  PVC surface wiring or coated (metal) wiring is typically used for such large building complexes.  Currently concealed wiring is more prevalent.  Larger building complexes have a lot of total electricity load.  It uses three phase, 415 v, 4 wire method.  If the load exceeds 100 kVA, a separate substation has to be constructed.  Distribution transformers have to be installed in this sub station.  Miniature type distribution boards are used in the wiring of such houses.  All switch boards, distribution boards are kept in one place.  It has to use busbar chamber method to distribute electricity on each floor.  Supply meters and main switches, fuse boards etc. are kept in one place.  This makes maintenance more convenient.  In high-rise buildings, a vertical zone is provided for wiring work and the control switch of each zone is kept in one place.

point to be consider while wiring in building & complex

~Wiring should be done according to NEC Code 1985 by using copper shire for wiring.

 ~ Or do not use anything other than copper for higher alarm, control city etc.

~ Determine the size of the wire so that the (IR drop) voltage drop in it is within the specified item.

~ Determine the control switch according to the type of charge and all the switch switches should be of gear metal type. 

~ Looking to keep the water pump main, telephone line, intercom line in the cable duct.

~ Foss ceiling wiring should be done in a metal surface conduit.

~ There should be an independent service room for the ground floor. 

~ Its doors should be kept open if possible.

~ Enclosure lights should be provided for stair wiring and lobby wiring.

~ For telephone wiring - the coquettish should be installed with the advice of the telephone account. 

~ The layout of the intercom should be recognizable from the outside.

~ The special section of wiring should have a heavy fire detection and fire alarm system. 

~  Fire safety regulations should be strictly followed. 

  

Distribution system 

~The capacity and number of components of the wiring should be chosen keeping in view the future load increase, as well as its addition to the total cost estimate.

~Two rising mains should be used in a high rise building.

~A change over switch should be arranged on each floor so that other mains can be used if required.

~Separate power supply lines should be drawn for the most important equipment for the building such as lifts, fire alarms, fire pumps, water pumps etc.

~Submain wiring should be independent for each flat in a multi-store building with two earthing leads along the vertical run of Rising Mains.

Distribution equipment

The following points need to be kept in mind while determining the location of distribution equipment;  

~The equipment should have a relaxed space so that it can be moved easily.

~The space should be well ventilated.

~There should be a light slope to prevent flooding.

~If there is water, it should be disposed of.

~It should be kept in a separate building till the substation is built or it should be kept in the basement of the building.

~ If there is only one substation for more houses, it should be placed at the center of the load.

point to be consider while wiring in big house

~The issues are mostly related to illumination, air conditioner, cans, elevators, water coolers, water pumps, etc. 

 ~Do not drink more than 3 to 5 meters from the ball.

~Applying acrylic lids on these light killers reduces the mother type by 20%. If the fan room is fitted with a 1200 mm or 1400 mm sweep, air circulation is found in the area of ​​10 to 12 sq.m. or 16 sq.m. in each lighting switch board. 

~Amp capacity ghee pin socket should be kept. 

~Each office room must have a bell push switch and a  Pin socket. 

~It is necessary to have a 32 Amp MCB or double pole switch with indicator to control the air conditioner. 

~The load current of an air conditioner is generally considered to be 20 Amp. 

~If the number of officers in the office is more then call bell with indicator unit should be installed. 

~Each room should have a light point supplied by an emergency generator. 

~Emergency light points should be provided for lift water coolers, water pumps, etc.

~Also many things should be kept in mind so that even in an emergency the electrical wiring does its job properly.

Industrial wiring

Industrial type wiring usually has a power supply of 3 phase 4 wires.  According to the industry's power demand, 440 volt three phase four wire supply is used by small industrial houses while large industrial establishments with higher power demand are supplied with power of 3.3 kv, 6.6 kv or 11 kv.  Industry wiring is also called power wiring.  These supplies are supplied to the location of the industrial house via overhead mains service or underground cable.  There are two types of wiring: (1) Domestic wiring for lights and fans as seen earlier.  While (2) power wiring which is slightly different from that of domestic wiring.  Let's study it now.

Salient feature of industrial wiring

Every electrical equipment should be covered with an iron lid as well as wiring IE.  Rules No.  Wiring 51 should be done in a side cable or metal pipe.  IE.  According to Rule-51, the wires or conductors of any power electrification should be electrically and mechanically strong and protected in a continuous metal pipe.  So such wiring should be done in pipe or armored cable.  Wood should not be used in the design or fitting of switches, control gears, starters and distribution gears in power wiring.  Wiring should not have joints, looping or tee joints.  Motors in the industry are usually supplied with underground cables for very large motors (capacity of 100 hp or more).  When small motors V.I.R.  , C.T.S.  Or PVC.  Heavy gauge coquettish wiring is done using wires.  Two types of conduit  are used for this:

(a) rigid heavy gauge conduit and (b) flexible conduit.  

Heavy gauge (18 SWG) co-chat must be returned for normal wiring.  The decibel conduit should be used only in such a way that its length exceeds 1.25 m between the switch and the motor terminal box or between the starter and the terminal box of the motor.  The use of a flexible conduit is intended to prevent the shaking of the machine from reaching and damaging another nearby installation.  IE.  According to Rule 50 (2), there should be a switch, starter or switch gear near each instrument.  More than one electrical wiring can be inserted in one conduit but in terms of safety and convenience it is advisable to have separate codes for each instrument wires.  If each electrical appliance has a metal cover or conduit, it should be connected in parallel or wire.  Earthing I.E.  Should be in accordance with Rule 61.  Wires must always be of suitable cross-section and of required voltage capacity.  To determine the size of the fuse for Mr. Phase motors the starting current of that motor should be taken into consideration.  The starting current of the HOPA motor for the size of the main switch of the entire installation and the sum of the full load current of the other devices should be taken into consideration.  12) Every power tool must have overload protection system.