what is faults and abnormal condition
The power system does not always function in its normal state.  For some reason it deviates from its normal state.  This is called his Abnormal status. or faults

 this image also called faults in switch board or short circuit



    
                                   causes of abnormal condition 

1) loose contacts
2) over voltage
3) over current
4) over load
5) unbalanced loading
6) phase and neutral are connected


                                                     causes of fault

1) defects in the conductor's insulation of electrical equipment
2) defects of wire
3) defects on overhead line
4) defects on equipment